Solar Rebates & Tariffs
Rebates, Tax Credits, Feed-in tariffs (FITs) and Net Metering
A rebate or tax credit is an upfront discount on your solar system or a credit that will come off your tax bill. This is usually based on a government policy to provide a financial incentive to buy solar, in order to offset carbon emissions.
A feed-in tariff is the amount of money that you get paid for the electricity that you export to the grid. FITs vary greatly from region to region, year to year and government to government, so it is worth being clear on what FITs are available in your region, especially if you are likely to export a lot of solar.
Net metering is most common in the US and works slightly differently from a FIT. Net metering essentially works like a 1:1 feed-in tariff. In that in a billing period (let's say monthly), all the solar power that your system produced, is deducted from any power that your property consumed from the grid. This is quite favourable for solar owners, considering that the market rate for your solar power is considerably lower than what you pay retail for electricity, however you are essentially being paid the retail rate.
Australia
Solar PV Rebates - STCs (Small-scale Technology Certificates)
The main rebate available in Australia is the federal government's STCs (Small-scale Technology Certificates). This is available for virtually all Australian residential systems (and commercial systems up to 100kW). The rebate amount depends on several factors:
- System size (in kilowatts)
- Installation year - determines the deeming period (certificates are based on expected years until 2031)
- Location/Zone - each postcode is assigned a zone based on solar irradiation (Zone 1-4, with Zone 1 receiving the most sunlight)
- STC price - currently around $38 per certificate (market-based, varies)
For example, a 6.6kW system installed in Sydney (Zone 3) in 2024 can typically receive around $3,000-$3,500 in STC rebates, while the same system in Melbourne (Zone 4) would receive approximately $2,500-$3,000.
Calculate your exact rebate: Use our STC Calculator to determine your precise STC rebate amount based on your postcode, system size, and installation year.
Battery Storage Rebates - Battery STCs
Battery storage systems are also eligible for STC rebates in Australia, with some important eligibility requirements:
- Minimum capacity: 5 kWh (batteries smaller than 5 kWh are not eligible)
- Maximum capacity: 50 kWh (only the first 50 kWh is eligible for rebates)
- STC factor: Varies based on installation year (similar to solar PV)
- Same zone factors apply: Your postcode determines the zone factor used in the calculation
Battery STCs are calculated separately from solar PV STCs, and both can be claimed together if you install both solar panels and a battery system. Use our STC Calculator to calculate combined rebates for solar and battery systems.
Important points about STCs
- Your solar retailer will claim the STCs on your behalf, so you get the rebate upfront and do not have to worry about claiming the rebate.
- Your solar quote should clearly show the amount you pay after the STC discount, with a breakdown of the system cost and STC rebate amount.
- STCs are GST-free for residential customers, meaning the rebate amount is not subject to GST.
- The quantity of STCs your system is eligible for is dependent on how much sun your location receives (each postcode in Australia is given a "zone" based on its solar irradiation).
- STCs are based on how much greenhouse gases your solar panels will offset over their expected lifetime, which is why sunnier locations receive more certificates.
- The STC scheme is scheduled to phase out by 2031, with the deeming period reducing each year until then.
State Government Rebates
Victoria: The Victorian Solar Homes Program offers additional rebates for eligible households. Rebates vary and may include interest-free loans. Check the Solar Victoria website for current program details and eligibility requirements.
Other states: Some states offer additional incentives or rebates. Check with your state government energy department for current programs.
Feed-in Tariffs (FITs)
Feed-in tariffs are far more varied than the rebates, as each state legislates on the minimum FIT an electricity retailer must offer consumers, and each retailer may offer an additional amount on top of the minimum. FITs typically range from 5-12 cents per kWh, depending on your state and retailer.
Visit the government website EnergyMadeEasy.gov.au to compare plans from various energy retailers and find the best feed-in tariff rates available in your area.
United States
Federal Tax Credits - Investment Tax Credit (ITC)
The federal government offers a significant tax credit for solar installations through the Investment Tax Credit (ITC), also known as the Residential Clean Energy Credit:
- 2024-2032: 30% tax credit for residential solar installations
- 2033: 26% tax credit
- 2034: 22% tax credit
- 2035 onwards: No federal tax credit for residential systems
Battery Storage: Standalone battery storage systems are also eligible for the ITC from 2023 onwards, provided they have a capacity of at least 3 kWh. Battery systems paired with solar can also qualify for the credit.
The tax credit is claimed on your federal income tax return and reduces your tax liability dollar-for-dollar. If your tax credit exceeds your tax liability, you can carry the remaining credit forward to future tax years.
State-Level Incentives
Many states offer additional incentives beyond the federal tax credit. Here are some notable programs:
- California: The Self-Generation Incentive Program (SGIP) provides rebates up to $1,000 per kWh for battery storage installations. The program also offers rebates for solar systems in certain areas. Property tax exemptions are available statewide.
- New York: The NY-Sun program offers a 25% state tax credit up to $5,000 for solar installations, in addition to utility rebates and net metering benefits.
- Texas: Austin Energy offers a $2,500 rebate for homeowners installing solar systems. Property tax exemptions are available statewide for solar installations.
- Florida: 100% sales and property tax exemptions on solar energy systems, with favorable net metering policies offering full retail rates for excess energy generation.
- Massachusetts: The Mass Solar Loan Program and SMART (Solar Massachusetts Renewable Target) program provide various incentives and rebates.
- Colorado: Various utility rebates and net metering policies, with some utilities offering additional incentives.
Find state-specific programs: Visit the DSIRE (Database of State Incentives for Renewables & Efficiency) to search for programs available in your state.
Net Metering
Most states in the US have net metering policies for solar, though policies vary significantly by state and utility. Net metering allows you to receive credit for excess solar energy you export to the grid, typically at the retail electricity rate. Some states have transitioned to alternative compensation structures, so it's important to check your local utility's current net metering policy.
See DSIRE and filter for program type = "net metering" to see details for your state.
Feed-In Tariffs (FITs)
Feed-in tariffs in the US vary significantly by state and utility. Some states offer zero compensation for solar feed-in, while others offer generous FITs. Each state legislates on the minimum FIT an electricity retailer must offer consumers, although each utility retailer may offer an additional amount on top of the minimum as an incentive. Check with your local utility for current feed-in tariff rates.
Canada
Federal Programs - Canada Greener Homes Grant
The Canada Greener Homes Grant program offers financial incentives for energy-efficient home improvements, including solar and battery storage:
- Solar PV: Up to $5,000 in grants for solar panel installations
- Battery Storage: Up to $1,000 in grants for battery storage systems
- EnerGuide evaluation: Free home energy assessments are available to determine eligibility
The program is administered by Natural Resources Canada and requires an EnerGuide evaluation before and after installation. Grants are provided as rebates after the work is completed.
Provincial Programs
Many provinces offer additional incentives:
- Ontario: Various utility rebates and net metering programs
- British Columbia: BC Hydro offers net metering and some rebate programs
- Alberta: Municipal and utility-specific rebates vary by location
- Quebec: Hydro-Québec offers net metering and various incentive programs
Check with your provincial energy ministry and local utility for current programs and eligibility requirements.
Net Metering
Most Canadian provinces have net metering policies that allow you to receive credit for excess solar energy exported to the grid. Policies vary by province and utility provider.
Germany
Federal Programs
Germany offers several incentive programs for solar and battery storage:
- KfW Programs: The KfW Bank offers low-interest loans and grants for solar installations and battery storage systems
- VAT Reduction: Solar installations are subject to a reduced VAT rate of 7% (down from the standard 19%)
- Feed-in Tariffs: The EEG (Renewable Energy Sources Act) guarantees feed-in tariffs for solar energy exported to the grid
Feed-in Tariffs
Germany's feed-in tariff system (EEG) provides guaranteed payments for solar energy fed into the grid. Rates are fixed for 20 years from installation and vary based on system size and installation date. Current rates are lower than historical rates but still provide a stable return on investment.
Battery Storage
Battery storage systems are eligible for KfW funding programs, with grants and low-interest loans available. Combining solar with battery storage can maximize self-consumption and reduce reliance on grid electricity.
United Kingdom
Smart Export Guarantee (SEG)
The UK's Smart Export Guarantee (SEG) replaced the previous Feed-in Tariff (FIT) scheme. Under SEG, energy suppliers with more than 150,000 customers must offer a tariff for exported solar energy. Rates vary by supplier and are typically market-based.
VAT Reduction
Solar panels and battery storage systems benefit from a reduced VAT rate of 0% (down from 20%) for residential installations, making solar more affordable.
No Upfront Rebates
Unlike many other countries, the UK does not currently offer upfront rebates or grants for solar installations. However, the VAT reduction and SEG payments help offset installation costs over time.
Net Metering
Net metering is not standard in the UK. Instead, the SEG scheme pays for exported energy, while imported energy is charged at your normal electricity rate. This makes battery storage particularly valuable for maximizing self-consumption.
South Africa
Tax Incentives
South Africa offers tax incentives for solar installations:
- Section 12B Tax Allowance: Businesses can claim accelerated depreciation on solar installations
- Personal Income Tax: Some tax deductions may be available for residential solar installations
Municipal Rebates
Several municipalities offer rebates or incentives for solar installations:
- Cape Town: Various rebate programs and feed-in tariff schemes
- Johannesburg: Net metering and feed-in tariff programs
- Durban: Municipal-specific programs vary
Check with your local municipality for current programs and eligibility requirements.
Feed-in Tariffs
Feed-in tariffs vary by municipality and utility provider. Some municipalities offer favorable rates for excess solar energy exported to the grid, while others may have different compensation structures.
Other Countries
Many other countries around the world offer solar and battery rebates, tax credits, and feed-in tariffs. Here are some notable examples:
- Italy: Various regional incentives and tax credits (Superbonus program, subject to change)
- France: Tax credits and feed-in tariffs for solar installations
- Spain: Net metering policies and regional incentives vary by autonomous community
- Japan: Feed-in tariffs and regional programs for solar and battery storage
- Netherlands: Net metering and various subsidy programs
- Belgium: Regional programs (Flanders, Wallonia, Brussels) with different incentives
Important: Solar rebate and tariff programs change frequently. Always check with your local government energy department, utility provider, or a qualified solar installer for the most current information and eligibility requirements in your area.
For a comprehensive database of renewable energy incentives worldwide, visit: Wikipedia - Feed-in Tariff (note: information may not always be current).